Which statement about deliberate strategy is true?

• A. It emerges from patterns of behavior over time.
• B. It is planned and intended in advance.
• C. It can never be hybrid.
• D. It ignores resource constraints.

Answer: (B)

Deliberate strategy is about an intentional, preplanned path a firm designs to reach its goals. It involves setting objectives, choosing actions, and allocating resources before those actions start, which is why being planned and intended in advance is the right description. Emergent strategy, by contrast, comes from patterns of behavior and reactions to changing conditions as they occur. Some real-world approaches blend both elements, but the defining feature of deliberate strategy is its forward-looking, purposeful planning. It also wouldn’t ignore resource constraints, since a solid plan accounts for available people, money, and capabilities.