Which term refers to a collection of assets that should be evaluated for VRIN?

• A. Resource bundle
• B. Resource
• C. Capability
• D. Competence

Answer: (A)

The idea being tested is that sustained competitive advantage comes from looking at collections of assets you can leverage together. For VRIN, you don’t evaluate items in isolation—you assess a group of resources and capabilities as a bundle. This collection is what you analyze to see if the whole package is valuable, rare, hard to imitate, and non-substitutable. A resource bundle captures that interdependent set of assets working together to create value, which is why it’s the term that fits best.

Single assets (resources) or individual capabilities describe parts of the whole, and while they matter, they don’t by themselves represent the comprehensive package VRIN requires. A competence tends to refer to an organizational strength built from multiple abilities, but the precise concept in VRIN analysis is the bundle—the interconnected mix of resources and capabilities.